My anecdotal experience as a busy professional trying to save time on golf rounds:
1. I find early rounds near the opening tee times are commonly the quickest, as many early morning golfers have places to be that day.
2. I avoid weekends, if possible, for quicker rounds.
3. Ready golf always, putter length and closer are gimmes unless it's a money match. Additionally, make your max score per hole double par. Hit double par? Pick it up and move on.
I know most if not all of these were probably mentioned previously in this thread